The operation of generators relies on the principle that whenever, there is mutual cutting between a conductor and a magnetic field, a voltage and resulting current will be induced in the, conductor. The flow of induced current is not random: it is governed: by the directions of cutting and of the field and can be found from Fleming’s Right Hand Rule (Fig.).
Simple Alternator
The arrangement used in the majority of alternators to exploit the principle of generation is shown simply in the sketch. Mutual cutting between conductors and magnetic fields is produced by rotating poles, the magnetic’ fields of which move through fixed conductors.
The rotor shown has a pair of poles so that output is generated simultaneously in two conductors. Reference to the Fleming Right Hand Rule will confirm the instantaneous direction of conventional current indicated by the arrows. The two conductors (R and R1) are connected in series so that the voltages generated in them add together to deliver current to the switchboard. The rotating fields, although moving at constant speed, will cut the conductors at a changing rate because of the circular movement Voltage induced at any instant is proportional to the sine of the angle of the rotating vector. The pattern of build-up and decline, and also reversal in the voltage induced, is shown by the sine wave R.
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Voltage and current are generated in each of the pairs of conductors in turn—first in one direction and then in the other—to produce three-phase alternating current. The effect in conductors Y and B is also shown.
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